3. Arouse the curiosity of the audience(引起聽(tīng)眾的好奇心)

　　結(jié)尾往往可以起到“畫龍點(diǎn)睛”的作用，開(kāi)篇正文再好，如果結(jié)尾過(guò)于平淡，整個(gè)演講的精彩程度都會(huì)大打折扣。那么如何做到“結(jié)尾有道”呢?首先，我們來(lái)看看喬布斯的這篇演講稿，他的結(jié)尾比開(kāi)篇更加出彩，采用的是“end with a quotation”，達(dá)到的效果是特別引人深思。他在結(jié)尾說(shuō)道，“Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitch hiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.”他不僅在結(jié)尾引用這句“Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish”(求知若渴，虛懷若谷)，而且重復(fù)三遍，強(qiáng)化聽(tīng)眾的印象，這句話也被廣泛傳播，被譽(yù)為該篇演講的“精髓”。

　　在結(jié)尾時(shí)，可以用結(jié)束信號(hào)詞讓聽(tīng)眾明白你要準(zhǔn)備結(jié)尾了，不要讓演講結(jié)束得太突兀，比如，“In conclusion", "Let me end my speech by saying...", "I'd like to close my speech this way."等。具體的結(jié)尾方式很多，常見(jiàn)的有：1. Summarize your speech(總結(jié)演講)。2. Make a dramatic statement(強(qiáng)有力的陳述)，這個(gè)不同于引用他人之言，往往是演講者自己的沉淀和吶喊，非常經(jīng)典的演講是Patrick Henry's legendary "Liberty or Death" oration. 他在結(jié)尾時(shí)說(shuō)道，"Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for mw, give me liberty, or give me death." 3. refer to the introduction(首尾呼應(yīng))。這是體現(xiàn)演講內(nèi)在統(tǒng)一的很經(jīng)典的形式，值得借鑒。

　　三、觀點(diǎn)闡釋，有效支撐

　　毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，主體段的信息量最大，寫作量也是最大，如何更清晰地闡釋演講者的觀點(diǎn)，有效支撐分論點(diǎn)，是寫作時(shí)應(yīng)該把握的關(guān)鍵。在明晰了寫作邏輯之后，就要圍繞這些邏輯要點(diǎn)來(lái)展開(kāi)論證。喬布斯在斯坦福大學(xué)的畢業(yè)演講中，邏輯要點(diǎn)有三：1. The first story is about connecting the dots. 2. My second story is about love and loss. 3. My third story is about death. 他在闡釋中主要運(yùn)用了以下手段。首先，舉例子。文中用了大量的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明他怎么對(duì)待學(xué)習(xí)、工作和死亡，比如他說(shuō)起自己決定輟學(xué)然后旁聽(tīng)有意思的課程，這些課當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)他沒(méi)什么實(shí)質(zhì)的幫助，但是十年后在當(dāng)他設(shè)計(jì)第一款Macintosh 電腦的時(shí)候，這些東西全派上了用場(chǎng)，這個(gè)例子充分說(shuō)明了他要講的第一個(gè)要點(diǎn)-- 串起生命中的點(diǎn)滴。在隨后的文中，喬布斯大量地講述了他事業(yè)生活中的例子，讓聽(tīng)眾感受到真實(shí)的力量和鼓舞。其次，引用。他除了在文章最后用到了引用，文中也不乏引用的痕跡，比如在講到死亡時(shí)，他引用了一句格言，“If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right.”這句話能表明他對(duì)于死亡的態(tài)度。恰到好處的引用往往能使聽(tīng)眾印象深刻。第三，數(shù)據(jù)。在講第二個(gè)故事--關(guān)于愛(ài)和失去時(shí)，喬布斯用到了一系列數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)支撐觀點(diǎn)。他說(shuō)自己是幸運(yùn)的，因?yàn)椋?ldquo;Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30.”數(shù)據(jù)很直觀，能讓聽(tīng)眾有直接的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解。

　　4. Question the audience(向觀眾提問(wèn))。

　　5. Begin with a quotation(以引用開(kāi)篇)。6. Tell a story (以故事開(kāi)篇)。這些基本開(kāi)篇的方式被無(wú)數(shù)的演講證明是實(shí)用而且有效的。